Îòïðàâëåíî: 26.08.18 15:00. Çàãîëîâîê: Íåñîðòèðîâàííûå ñòàòüè è çàìåòêè

Ñþäà ñáðàñûâàþòñÿ ñòàòüè è çàìåòêè, êîòîðûå åù¸ íå íàøëè ñâîåé òåìû (èëè ïåðåâîäà).

Òåãè ðàçäåëà:
[Ëåêöèè (ÿçûê)] - â òåìå ñîáðàíû ëåêöèè íà íåêîòîðîì ÿçûêå.
[Êîíñïåêò] - â òåìå ñîáðàíû ñòàòüè, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå ñîáîé êîíñïåêò êàêîé-òî êíèãè èëè êàêèõ-òî ëåêöèé.
[Öèòàòà] - âûäåðæêà èç ÷üåãî-òî ìàòåðèàëà.
[Ïðàêòèêà] - çäåñü ó÷àñòíèêè ôîðóìà ìîãóò ïóáëèêîâàòü ïðèìåðû âûïîëíåíèÿ ïèñàòåëüñêèõ óïðàæíåíèé.

 Îòïðàâëåíî: 26.08.18 15:02. Çàãîëîâîê: https://www.yeahwrit..

https://www.yeahwrite.org/?p=445

Àðõåòèïû ðîëåé.

Archetypes are patterns of human behaviour, symbolized by standard types of characters. They allow readers to get a general impression of the sort of person a character is, without elaborate description. However, this results in flat characters if you don’t elaborate with contradictions,archetypes surprising traits and so on. It’s a handy guideline to keep in mind to ensure you have a rich cast of characters, rather than a lot of similar characters. Remember that this is just the starting point for a character that fulfills a certain role in a story.
Archetypes are often confused with stock characters. However, stock characters are defined by their personality, behaviour, and appearance: the neighborhood gossip, the town drunk, or the school bully. Archetypes are defined by their purpose or role in a story.

The role archetypes
Heroes
Central figures in stories. Everyone is the hero of his or her own myth.

Shadows
Villains and enemies, perhaps the enemy within (his possibilities or his potential evil). Can be other kinds of repression, such as repressed grief, anger, frustration or creativity that is dangerous if it doesn’t have an outlet. It can represent the hero’s opposite or the worst possible outcome.

Mentor / Coach / Teacher
The hero’s guide or guiding principles. Often an old man or woman, offering invaluable advice and guidance. Sometimes the mentor provides an essential tool for the protagonist to solve the story-worthy problem. Mentors can have their own objectives. There are different kinds of mentors, such as straight forward, protective, tricksters and so on.

Herald
One who brings the Call to Adventure. Could be a person or an event. The herald appears when there is a major change coming, often just before the protagonist crosses into another world.

Threshold Guardian
The forces that stand in the way at important turning points, including jealous enemies, professional gatekeepers, or your own fears and doubts. The guardian tests the protagonist and then permits or prevents him from going further into the journey. They usually test strengths, wits or fortitude and function as an obstacle. They usually belong to the villain’s side of the story, but can be good or neutral.

Shapeshifters
In supernatural stories these are usually werewolves or such creatures. In ‘real’ life this can be any thing that represents change. The way other people (or our perceptions of them) look at him keeps changing. Can also represent the opposite sex, the way people can be two-faced.

Tricksters
Clowns and mischief-makers. Our own mischievous subconscious, urging us to change. They also provide comical relief, using their wits.

Allies
Characters who help the hero through the change. Sidekicks, buddies, girlfriends who advise the hero through the transitions of life.

 Îòïðàâëåíî: 26.08.18 15:06. Çàãîëîâîê: https://www.yeahwrit..

https://www.yeahwrite.org/?p=1575

Àðõåòèïû ïî Êàðëó Þíãó

The Archetypes According to Carl Jung
Critical ParentJung archetypes
unsupportive
unloving
judgmental
restrictive
distant
cold

The perfect Child
Does everything right
obedient
dutiful

Little Professor
Child who makes parents proud by being mature and bright

Femme Fatale
Sexy
siren
flirt

Ladies Man
Hunk
macho
stud

Amazon woman
Capable
independent
aggressive
self-sufficient
invincible

Witch/Bitch
Aggressive
cold
bitchy
manipulative

Wallflower
Shy
quiet
low self-esteem
insecure

Dictator
Boss, ordering people around
never pleased
demanding
insensitive
ruthless

Rebel
Nonconformist
stubborn
rule-breaker

Big Shot
Wants the best
demanding
braggart

Madonna
Mother figure
caretaker
homebody
idealized woman

Victim
Waits to be taken care of
to be rescued
self-pitying
ain’t it awful

Little princess
Spoiled
wants to be waited on
doted
expects others to cater

Care Taker
Charitable
helps others all the time
takes care of everybody

People pleaser
no need of his own
wants people to like him
pleases people (doh)

Joker
prankster
practical jokes
cut-up
trouble
mischievous
attention seeker

Villain
angry
manipulator
revenger
avenger
killer

Hero/ heroine
overcomes struggles
dragon slayer
heroic deed
saves the day

Perfectionist
OCD
up tight
driven

Warrior
saves the day
fights off the enemy
super hero

Rescuer
Tried to point lost souls to right path
play Florence Nightingale
takes in stray dogs, cats and people

Martyr
What I could have
should have done
self-pity
self-sacrificing
doesn’t let you forget it

Critic
beats you up
needles you
judgmental
negative

Vulnerable little child
Helpless
crying
hyper-sensitive
dependent

Shadow Self
filled with lust
greed
rage
dark side
jealousy
revengeful self you don’t want to admit
murderous feelings
dark thoughts

Wise higher self
creative
imaginative
spiritual
lofty
intuitive
instinctual

 Îòïðàâëåíî: 27.08.18 02:44. Çàãîëîâîê: https://www.yeahwrit..

https://www.yeahwrite.org/?p=1758 - âîïðîñû, êîòîðûå âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè ñëåäóåò çàäàâàòü ñåáå î ïåðñîíàæàõ.

Questions about characters to ask yourself

Do your characters evolve out of point of view and style?
Does your protagonist fail to grow, experience changes in attitude and fortune?
Does the protagonist fail to affect other characters?
Are any characters not explored fully enough?
Are any minor characters overdeveloped?
Are the relationships among the characters unclear?
Do you need to clarify the underlying motives of your characters?
Do you present characters too much through description and commentary?
Do you make a claim for a character that you cannot demonstrate?
Do you need to change the functions of certain characters?
Do you need to combine two or more characters into one?
Do you depend too much upon stereotypes?
Are you inconsistent in the presentation of your characters?
Have you taken enough care in the selection of names for your characters?
Does your story need one or more new characters?
Have you given readers the wrong impression about any of your characters?

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Ïîñêîëüêó êîëè÷åñòâî ïåðñîíàæåé, èõ ðîëè è êîíôëèêòû íàõîäÿòñÿ â òåñíîé âçàèìîñâÿçè ñ ñþæåòîì è äîêàçûâàåìîé èäååé, ÿ áû äîáàâèë ê ýòèì âîïðîñàì ñëåäóþùèå:
1. Íàñêîëüêî íåçàìåíèì ïåðñîíàæ â ñâîåé ðîëè â ñèñòåìå âíåøíèõ êîíôëèêòîâ?
2. Êàê äåéñòâèÿ è êîíôëèêòû ïåðñîíàæà (èëè ãðóïïû ïåðñîíàæåé) ñïîñîáñòâóþò äîêàçàòåëüñòâó / îïðîâåðãàíèþ èäåè ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ?
3. Êàê ñêàçûâàåòñÿ óäåëåíèå âíèìàíèÿ ïåðñîíàæó íà òåìïå ïîäà÷è ñþæåòà è âîâëå÷¸ííîñòè ÷èòàòåëÿ â ïðîèñõîäÿùåå?
4. Êàê èçìåíèòñÿ ïîäà÷à èäåè, åñëè ñäâèíóòü ïåðñîíàæà íà äðóãîé ïëàí / ïîìåíÿòü ðîëü / èçìåíèòü êîíôëèêòû?
5. Êàê ìåíÿåòñÿ òîí ïîâåñòâîâàíèÿ ïðè ñìåíå ðîëè / âíåøíèõ è âíóòðåííèõ êîíôëèêòîâ ïåðñîíàæà?

Âîîáùå, êðàéíå ïîëåçíî âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè (â ïðîöåññå ðàáîòû íàä ñòðóêòóðîé ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ) ïåðåðèñîâûâàòü ñèñòåìó êîíôëèêòîâ. Èíîé ðàç ïîëó÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî íåîáõîäèìûé ðàíåå ïåðñîíàæ èëè ãðóïïà ïåðñîíàæåé óæå ïåðåñòàëè áûòü íóæíû äëÿ èñòîðèè, à òî è âîâñå âðåäÿò ñòðîéíîñòè ïîâåñòâîâàíèÿ, òàê ÷òî îò íèõ íóæíî èçáàâèòüñÿ.